Downregulation of MDR 1 gene contributes to tyrosine kinase inhibitor induce apoptosis and reduction in tumor metastasis: A gravity to space investigation

Abstract

P-glycoprotein (P-gp) associated multidrug resistance (MDR) represents a major failure in cancer treatment. The overexpression of P-gp is responsible for ATP-dependent efflux of drugs that decrease their intracellular accu mulation. An effective downregulation of MDR1 gene using small interfering RNA (siRNA) is one of the safe and effective tools to overcome the P-gp triggered MDR. Therefore, the development of an efficient and non-toxic carrier system for siRNA delivery is a fundamental challenge for effective cancer treatment. Polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer has been used for efficient delivery of siRNA (dendriplexes) to the tumor cells but the associated toxicity problems render its use in biological applications. A non-covalent lipid modification (lip odendriplexes) is supposed to offer a promising strategy to overcome the demerits linked to the naked den driplexes system. In the current study, we deliver siRNA, designed against MDR1 gene (si-MDR1), in colorectal carcinoma cells (Caco-2), having overexpression of P-gp, to check the role of MDR1 gene in tumor progression and multidrug resistance using two dimensional (2D) and three dimensional (3D) environment. Imatinib mesylate (IM), a P-gp substrate, was used as model drug. Our results revealed that the effective knockdown by lipodendriplexes system can significantly reduce the tumor cell migration in 2D (p < 0.001) and 3D (p < 0.001) cell cultures as compared to unmodified dendriplexes and si-Control groups. It was also observed that lip odendriplexes aided downregulation of MDR1 gene effectively, re-sensitized the Caco-2 cells for IM uptake and showed a significantly (p < 0.001) higher apoptosis. Our findings imply that our lipodendriplexes system has a great potential for siRNA delivery, however, further in vivo application using a suitable targeted system can play a major role for better cancer therapeutics.